US business card at 72 DPI is 144 × 252 pixels

The working

Pixels are inches multiplied by the resolution.

• Width: 2 in × 72 = 144, which rounds to 144 pixels.
• Height: 3.5 in × 72 = 252, which rounds to 252 pixels.

Bleed is extra image past the trim line, so that a cut that lands slightly off still leaves ink to the edge. Print shops usually ask for 0.125 in on every side of a US size, which makes the file 162 × 270 pixels.

Is your photo big enough?

To fill US business card at 72 DPI an image needs at least 144 × 252 pixels. Cropped to fill the sheet:

• A 12 megapixel phone photo (4000 × 3000) gives 1,143 DPI: enough.
• A 24 megapixel camera photo (6000 × 4000) gives 1,714 DPI: enough.
• A 48 megapixel photo (8000 × 6000) gives 2,286 DPI: enough.

At 72 DPI the pixels of a print blend together from about 47.7 inches (121 cm) away. 72 DPI is the old screen convention: early Macintosh displays showed 72 pixels to the inch, matching the 72 points in an inch of type. Many image files still carry a 72 DPI tag for that reason.